Multiple myeloma and anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy: a literature review

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Abstract

Significant progress has been made in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), leading to improved clinical outcomes. However, despite the success of traditional methods such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the challenge of fully curing patients with relapsed and refractory MM remains pressing. A promising therapeutic approach is the use of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T), which has demonstrated efficacy in patients with resistant B-cell malignancies and is actively being studied for the treatment of MM. Special attention is being given to B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) as a potential target for CAR-T therapy in MM.

The objective is to analyze the current state of anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy in ММ, covering aspects of production, preclinical and clinical trials, as well as examining therapy-related toxicity and relapses.

Data analysis was conducted using specialized medical databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Frontiers, and Google Scholar from 1974 to 2024. The article reviews latest achievements in CAR-T therapy for MM, current advances in the production and application of BCMA CAR T-cells, along with key challenges faced by this technology. The data obtained confirm significant progress in optimizing CAR T-cell structures and improving manufacturing processes, making the therapy more accessible for clinical use.

Although early-phase trials of anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy show promising results, challenges remain, such as toxicity and insufficient response in some patients. Optimization of CAR structure and manufacturing technologies may improve the efficacy and accessibility of CAR T-cell therapy, making it a key direction for future research.

About the authors

A. P. Faenko

A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Research Center, Moscow Healthcare Department

Author for correspondence.
Email: a.faenko@mknc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6158-233X

Alexander Pavlovich Faenko

Bld. 1, 1 Novogireevskaya, Moscow, 111123

Russian Federation

G. A. Dudina

A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Research Center, Moscow Healthcare Department

ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9673-1067

Bld. 1, 1 Novogireevskaya, Moscow, 111123

Russian Federation

C. K. Mabudzade

A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Research Center, Moscow Healthcare Department

ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2789-4791

Bld. 1, 1 Novogireevskaya, Moscow, 111123

Russian Federation

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