Clinical, pathological and molecular aspects of meningiomas and treatment options

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Abstract

Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors in adults, accounting for over 35 % of all intracranial tumors. Moreover, meningiomas occurring in children account for only 0.64 % of all meningiomas, and among intracranial tumors in children, meningiomas account for 1.42–5.00 % of cases. Because the risk of developing meningioma increases significantly with age, the proportion of healthcare costs associated with meningiomas in developed countries will continue to increase as the demographics shift toward an aging population. Compared to malignant glial tumors, meningiomas have been relatively poorly studied in terms of etiologic risk factors. Meningiomas can also be part of hereditary diseases. These tumors are primarily benign and can be observed, but the preferred treatment method is complete tumor resection, which provides good results.

According to the World Health Organization, 5-year survival rate for grade I meningioma is over 80 %. Meningiomas with a heterogeneous morphological picture or located in difficult-to-reach anatomical locations represent a difficult task in terms of treatment and prediction of the outcome. Radiation therapy is often used for atypical, anaplastic, recurrent, and surgically inaccessible benign meningiomas. However, the method, regimen, dose, and timing of radiation therapy remain uncertain and are areas of active research, with clinical trials ongoing. Currently, there are no universal adjuvant chemotherapy agents, so the latest advances in genomic and epigenomic research of meningiomas are being explored for potential targeted therapy. Advances in genomics and molecular characterization of meningiomas have revealed potential for more detailed classification, description of disease progression, prognosis, and estimation of recurrence rates.

This review aims to analyze and summarize current data on meningiomas, their etiology, molecular characteristics, diagnostics, and treatment methods, and lists currently ongoing clinical trials.

About the authors

A. Y. Rynda

Polenov Russian Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery – Branch of the V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre; City Mariinsky Hospital

Author for correspondence.
Email: artemii.rynda@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3331-4175
Russian Federation, 12 Mayakovskogo St., Saint Petersburg, 191014; 56 Liteinyy Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, 191014

V. E. Olyushin

Polenov Russian Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery – Branch of the V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre

Email: artemii.rynda@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9960-081X
Russian Federation, 12 Mayakovskogo St., Saint Petersburg, 191014

D. M. Rostovtsev

Polenov Russian Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery – Branch of the V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre

Email: artemii.rynda@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8956-7921
Russian Federation, 12 Mayakovskogo St., Saint Petersburg, 191014

Y. M. Zabrodskaya

Polenov Russian Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery – Branch of the V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: artemii.rynda@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6206-2133
Russian Federation, 12 Mayakovskogo St., Saint Petersburg, 191014; 41 Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg, 191015

O. A. Pavlov

City Mariinsky Hospital; Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of Russia

Email: artemii.rynda@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8230-8006
Russian Federation, 56 Liteinyy Prospekt, Saint Petersburg, 191014; Lit. Zh, 6 Akademika Lebedeva St., Saint Petersburg, 194044

References

  1. Ostrom Q.T., Price M., Neff C. et al. CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2016–2020. Neuro Oncol 2023;25(12 suppl 2): iv1–99. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noad149
  2. Козлов А.В., Ефремов К.В., Галкин М.В. и др. Плоскостные гиперостотические менингиомы свода черепа: анализ 69 наблюдений из одной клиники. Вопросы нейрохирургии имени Н.Н. Бурденко 2025;89(1):20–9. doi: 10.17116/neiro20258901120 Kozlov A.V., Efremov K.V., Galkin M.V. et al. En plaque convexity hyperostotic meningioma: 69 cases from a singlecenter. Voprosy neyrokhirurgii imeni N.N. Burdenko = Burdenko’s Journal of Neurosurgery 2025;89(1):20–9. (In Russ., In Engl.) doi: 10.17116/neiro20258901120
  3. Бекяшев А.Х. Патогенез менингиом (обзор литературы). Опухоли головы и шеи 2011;(4):26–40. Bekyashev A.Kh. Pathogenesis of meningiomas (a review of literature). Opukholi golovy i shei = Head and Neck Tumor 2011;(4):26–40. (In Russ.).
  4. Абдуллаев А.Н., Джинджихадзе Р.С., Поляков А.В. и др. Доступы в микрохирургии ольфакторных менингиом. Систематический обзор литературы и метаанализ. Вопросы нейрохирургии имени Н.Н. Бурденко 2026;90(2):103–11. doi: 10.17116/neiro202690021103 Abdullaev A.N., Dzhindzhikhadze R.S., Polyakov A.V. et al. Approaches in microsurgery for olfactory meningiomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Voprosy neyrokhirurgii imeni N.N. Burdenko = Burdenko’s Journal of Neurosurgery 2026;90(2):103–11. (In Russ., In Engl.). doi: 10.17116/neiro202690021103
  5. Куканов К.К., Воробьева О.М., Забродская Ю.М. и др. Интракраниальные менингиомы: клинико-интраскопические и патоморфологические причины рецидивирования с учетом современных методов лечения (обзор литературы). Сибирский онкологический журнал 2022;21(4):110–23. doi: 10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-4-110-123 Kukanov K.K., Vorobyova O.M., Zabrodskaya Yu.M. et al. Intracranial meningiomas: clinical, intrascopic and pathomorphological causes of recurrence (literature review). Sibirskiy onkologicheskiy zhurnal = Siberian Journal of Oncology 2022;21(4):110–23. (In Russ.). doi: 10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-4-110-123
  6. Мельченко С.А., Брехунцов М.А., Сенько И.В. и др. Тенториальные менингиомы, распространяющиеся по поперечному и сигмовидному синусам до луковицы яремной вены (обзор литературы и три клинических случая). Вопросы нейрохирургии имени Н.Н. Бурденко 2026;90(1):73–82. doi: 10.17116/neiro20269001173 Melchenko S.A., Brehuncov M.A., Senko I.V. et al. Tentorial meningiomas extending along transverse and sigmoid sinuses to jugular vein bulb. Voprosy neyrokhirurgii imeni N.N. Burdenko = Burdenko’s Journal of Neurosurgery 2026;90(1):73–82. (In Russ., In Engl.). doi: 10.17116/neiro20269001173
  7. Григорян Г.Ю., Усачев Д.Ю., Куличков Д.А., Григорян Ю.А. Менингиомы задней поверхности пирамиды височной кости: клинические проявления, анатомические взаимоотношения и результаты хирургического лечения. Вопросы нейрохирургии имени Н.Н. Бурденко 2026;90(1):29–38. doi: 10.17116/neiro20269001129 Grigoryan G.Yu., Usachev D.Yu., Kulichkov D.A., Grigoryan Yu.A. Posterior petrous meningiomas: clinical manifestations, anatomical relationships and postoperative outcomes. Voprosy neyrokhirurgii imeni N.N. Burdenko = Burdenko’s Journal of Neurosurgery 2026;90(1):29–38. (In Russ., In Engl.). doi: 10.17116/neiro20269001129
  8. Ушанов В.В., Забродская Ю.М., Улитин А.Ю. и др. Патоморфология рецидивирующих менингиом. Архив патологии 2025;87(5):28–35. doi: 10.17116/patol20258705128 Ushanov V.V., Zabrodskaya Yu.M., Ulitin A.Yu. et al. Pathology features of recurrent meningioma. Arkhiv patologii = Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology 2025;87(5):28–35. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/patol20258705128
  9. Михайлов Н.И., Зайцев А.М., Кучерявых М.А. и др. Метастатические менингиомы: серия случаев и обзор литературы. Вопросы нейрохирургии имени Н.Н. Бурденко 2025;89(3):83–91. doi: 10.17116/neiro20258903183 Mikhailov N.I., Zaitsev A.M., Kucheryavykh M.A. et al. Metastatic meningiomas: a case series and literature review. Voprosy neyrokhirurgii imeni N.N. Burdenko = Burdenko’s Journal of Neurosurgery 2025;89(3):83–91. (In Russ., In Engl.). doi: 10.17116/neiro20258903183
  10. Степаненко В.В., Шаманин В.А., Трашин А.В. и др. Краниовертебральные интрадуральные менингиомы: анализ результатов хирургического лечения (ретроспективное двухцентровое исследование). Вопросы нейрохирургии имени Н.Н. Бурденко 2024;88(6):23–30. doi: 10.17116/neiro20248806123 Stepanenko V.V., Shamanin V.A., Trashin A.V. et al. Craniovertebral intradural meningiomas: analysis of postoperative outcomes (a retrospective two-center study). Voprosy neyrokhirurgii imeni N.N. Burdenko = Burdenko’s Journal of Neurosurgery 2024;88(6): 23–30. (In Russ., In Engl.). doi: 10.17116/neiro20248806123
  11. Данилин В.Е., Рзаев Д.А., Летягин Г.В. и др. Внутричерепные менингиомы детского возраста. Вопросы нейрохирургии имени Н.Н. Бурденко 2020;84(3):44–51. doi: 10.17116/neiro20208403144 Danilin V.E., Rzaev D.A., Letyagin G.V. et al. Intracranial meningiomas in children. Voprosy neyrokhirurgii imeni N.N. Burdenko = Burdenko’s Journal of Neurosurgery 2020;84(3): 44–51. (In Russ., In Engl.). doi: 10.17116/neiro20208403144
  12. Opoku I., Yang L., Sun P. et al. Pediatric cerebral meningioma: a single-center study with 10 children not associated with neurofibromatosis type 2 and literature review. Pediatr Neurosurg 2022;57(6):422–33. doi: 10.1159/000526541
  13. Louis D.N., Perry A., Wesseling P. et al. The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Neuro Oncol 2021;23(8):1231–51. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab106
  14. Rynda A., Olyushin V., Rostovtsev D., Zabrodskaya Y. Influence of the expression of ABCG2 transporters on the results of photodynamic therapy in malignant gliomas. Ann Oncol 2021;32(Suppl 5):S523. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.026
  15. Ren L., Deng J., Wakimoto H. et al. Clinical and molecular characteristics and long-term outcomes of pediatric intracranial meningiomas: a comprehensive analysis from a single neurosurgical center. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2025;13(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s40478-025-01925-0
  16. Youngblood M.W., Miyagishima D.F., Jin L. et al. Associations of meningioma molecular subgroup and tumor recurrence. Neuro Oncol 2021;23:783–94. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa226
  17. Tauziède-Espariat A., Pfister S.M., Mawrin C., Sahm F. Pediatric meningiomas: a literature review and diagnostic update. Neurooncol Adv 2023;5(Suppl 1):i105–11. doi: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac165
  18. Рында А.Ю., Олюшин В.Е., Ростовцев Д.М. и др. Результаты использования интраоперационного флюоресцентного контроля с хлорином Е6 при резекции глиальных опухолей головного мозга. Вопросы нейрохирургии имени Н.Н. Бурденко 2021;85(4):20–8. doi: 10.17116/neiro20218504120 Rynda A.Yu., Olyushin V.E., Rostovtsev D.M. et al. Intraoperative fluorescence control with chlorin E6 in resection of glial brain tumors. Voprosy neyrokhirurgii imeni N.N. Burdenko = Burdenko’s Journal of Neurosurgery 2021;85(4): 20–8. (In Russ., In Engl.). doi: 10.17116/neiro20218504120
  19. Ren L., Xie Q., Deng J. et al. Association of frequent NF2 mutations with spinal location predominance and worse outcomes in psammomatous meningiomas. J Neurosurg 2024;141(3):593–601 doi: 10.3171/2024.1.JNS232450
  20. Ren L., Hua L., Deng J. et al. Favorable long-term outcomes of chordoid meningioma compared with the other WHO Grade 2 meningioma subtypes. Neurosurgery 2023;92(4):745–55. doi: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002272
  21. Ren L., Hua L., Bao Z. et al. Distinct clinical outcome of microcystic meningioma as a WHO grade 1 meningioma subtype. J Neurooncol 2023;161(2):193–202. doi: 10.1007/s11060-022-04034-3
  22. Hua L., Alkhatib M., Podlesek D. et al. Two predominant molecular subtypes of spinal meningioma: thoracic NF2-mutant tumors strongly associated with female sex, and cervical AKT1-mutant tumors originating ventral to the spinal cord. Acta Neuropathol 2022;144(5):1053–55. doi: 10.1007/s00401-022-02474-9
  23. Goldbrunner R., Stavrinou P., Jenkinson M.D. et al. EANO guideline on the diagnosis and management of meningiomas. Neuro Oncol 2021;23(11):1821–34. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab150
  24. Рында А.Ю., Олюшин В.Е., Ростовцев Д.М., Забродская Ю.М. Комплексное лечение пациента с нейрофиброматозом 2-го типа. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова 2020;120(8):98–104. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202012008198 Rynda A.Yu., Olyushin V.E., Rostovtsev D.M., Zabrodskaya Yu.M. Complex treatment of a patient with neurofibromatosis type 2. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova = S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry 2020;120(8):98–104. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/jnevro202012008198
  25. Lucas C.G., Mirchia K., Seo K. et al. Spatial genomic, biochemical and cellular mechanisms underlying meningioma heterogeneity and evolution. Nat Genet 2024;56(6):1121–33. doi: 10.1038/s41588-024-01747-1
  26. Brastianos P.K., Twohy E.L., Gerstner E.R. et al. Alliance A071401: phase II trial of focal adhesion kinase inhibition in meningiomas with somatic NF2 mutations. J Clin Oncol 2023;41(3):618–28. doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.02371
  27. Brastianos P.K., Dooley K., Geyer S. et al. Abemaciclib in meningiomas with somatic NF2 or CDK pathway alterations: the phase 2 Alliance A071401 trial. Nat Med 2026;32(2):717–24. doi: 10.1038/s41591-025-04141-4
  28. Fan W., Wang C., Zhong X. et al. A refractory case of CDKN2A/B loss metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma achieving a partial response after first-line treatment with palbociclib. Onco Targets Ther 2023;16;23–9. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S390458
  29. Рында А.Ю., Олюшин В.Е., Ростовцев Д.М. и др. Флуоресцентная диагностика с хлорином е6 в хирургии глиом низкой степени злокачественности. Biomedical Photonics 2021;10(4):35–43. doi: 10.24931/2413-9432-2021-10-4-35-43 Rynda A.Yu., Olyushin V.E., Rostovtsev D.M. et al. Fluorescent diagnostics with chlorin e6 in surgery of low-grade glioma. Biomedical Photonics 2021;10(4):35–43. (In Russ., In Engl.). doi: 10.24931/2413-9432-2021-10-4-35-43
  30. Zeverijn L.J., Looze E.J., Thavaneswaran S. et al. Limited clinical activity of palbociclib and ribociclib monotherapy in advanced cancers with cyclin D-CDK4/6 pathway alterations in the Dutch DRUP and Australian MoST trials. Int J Cancer 2023;153(7):1413–22. doi: 10.1002/ijc.34649
  31. Preusser M., Silvani A., Le Rhun E. et al. Trabectedin for recurrent WHO grade 2 or 3 meningioma: a randomized phase 2 study of the EORTC Brain Tumor Group (EORTC-1320-BTG). Neuro Oncol 2022;24(5):755–67. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab243
  32. Kotecha R., Akdemir E.Y., Kutuk T. et al. Benchmarking the efficacy of salvage systemic therapies for recurrent meningioma: a RANO group systematic review and meta-analysis to guide clinical trial design. Neuro Oncol 2025;27(7):1670–85. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noaf009
  33. Рында А.Ю., Олюшин В.Е., Ростовцев Д.М. и др. Использование флуоресцентной навигации и эндоскопической ассистенции в хирургии глиобластом головного мозга. Вопросы нейрохирургии имени Н.Н. Бурденко 2025;89(6):28–37. doi: 10.17116/neiro20258906128 Rynda A.Yu., Olyushin V.E., Rostovtsev D.M. et al. Fluorescence navigation and endoscopic assistance in surgery for brain glioblastomas. Voprosy neyrokhirurgii imeni N.N. Burdenko = Burdenko’s Journal of Neurosurgery 2025;89(6):28–37. (In Russ., In Engl.). doi: 10.17116/neiro20258906128
  34. Magill S.T., Young J.S., Chae R. et al. Relationship between tumor location, size, and WHO grade in meningioma. Neurosurg Focus 2018;44(4):E4. doi: 10.3171/2018.1.FOCUS17752
  35. Rogers L., Barani I., Chamberlain M. et al. Meningiomas: knowledge base, treatment outcomes, and uncertainties. A RANO review. J Neurosurg 2015;122(1):4–23. doi: 10.3171/2014.7.JNS131644
  36. Рында А.Ю., Олюшин В.Е., Ростовцев Д.М. и др. Возможности интерстициальной фотодинамической терапии в лечении глиобластом головного мозга. Biomedical Photonics 2025;14(1):4–19. doi: 10.24931/2413-9432-2025-14-1-4-19 Rynda A.Yu., Olyushin V.E., Rostovtsev D.M. et al. Possibilities of interstitial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of brain glioblastoma. Biomedical Photonics 2025;14(1):4–19. (In Russ., In Engl.). doi: 10.24931/2413-9432-2025-14-1-4-19
  37. Hammouche S., Clark S., Wong A.H. et al. Long-term survival analysis of atypical meningiomas: survival rates, prognostic factors, operative and radiotherapy treatment. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2014;156(8):1475–81. doi: 10.1007/s00701-014-2156-z
  38. Buerki R.A., Horbinski C.M., Kruser T. et al. An overview of meningiomas. Future Oncol 2018;14(21):2161–77. doi: 10.2217/fon-2018-0006
  39. Proctor D.T., Ramachandran S., Lama S., Sutherland G.R. Towards molecular classification of meningioma: evolving treatment and diagnostic paradigms. World Neurosurg 2018;119:366–73. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08.019
  40. Рында А.Ю., Ростовцев Д.М., Олюшин В.Е., Забродская Ю.М. Лечебный патоморфоз в тканях злокачественной глиомы после фотодинамической терапии с хлорином е6 (сообщение о двух клинических случаях). Biomedical Photonics 2020;9(2):45–54. doi: 10.24931/2413-9432-2020-9-2-45-54 Rynda A.Yu., Rostovtsev D.M., Olyushin V.E., Zabrodskaya Yu.M. Therapeutic pathomorphosis in malignant glioma tissues after photodynamic therapy with сhlorin e6 (reports of two clinical cases). Biomedical Photonics 2020;9(2):45–54. (In Russ., In Engl.) doi: 10.24931/2413-9432-2020-9-2-45-54
  41. Smith M.J. Germline and somatic mutations in meningiomas. Cancer Genet 2015;208(4):107–14. doi: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.02.003
  42. Aavikko M., Li S.P., Saarinen S. et al. Loss of SUFU function in familial multiple meningioma. Am J Hum Genet 2012;91(3):520–6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.07.015
  43. Yakubov E., Ghoochani A., Buslei R. et al. Hidden association of Cowden syndrome, PTEN mutation and meningioma frequency. Oncoscience 2016;3(5–6):149–55. doi: 10.18632/oncoscience.305
  44. Рында А.Ю., Олюшин В.Е., Ростовцев Д.М. и др. Фотодинамическая терапия злокачественных глиом. Российский журнал персонализированной медицины 2025;5(5):380–96. doi: 10.18705/2782-3806-2025-5-5-380-396 Rynda A.Yu., Olyushin V.E., Rostovtsev D.M. et al. Photodynamic therapy of malignant gliomas. Rossiyskiy zhurnal personalizirovannoy meditsyny = Russian Journal for Personalized Medicine 2025;5(5):380–96. (In Russ.). doi: 10.18705/2782-3806-2025-5-5-380-396
  45. Smith M.J., Wallace A.J., Bowers N.L. et al. SMARCB1 mutations in schwannomatosis and genotype correlations with rhabdoid tumors. Cancer Genet 2014;207(9):373–8. doi: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.04.001
  46. Smith M.J., OʼSullivan J., Bhaskar S.S. et al. Loss-of-function mutations in SMARCE1 cause an inherited disorder of multiple spinal meningiomas. Nat Genet 2013;45(3):295–8. doi: 10.1038/ng.2552
  47. Smith M.J., Wallace A.J., Bennett C. et al. Germline SMARCE1 mutations predispose to both spinal and cranial clear cell meningiomas. J Pathol 2014;234(4):436–40. doi: 10.1002/path.4427
  48. Рында А.Ю., Олюшин В.Е., Ростовцев Д.М. и др. Оценка влияния флуоресцентной хирургии у пациентов с глиобластомой на отдаленные результаты лечения. Российский журнал персонализированной медицины 2025;5(5):397–411. doi: 10.18705/2782-3806-2025-5-5-397-411 Rynda A.Yu., Olyushin V.E., Rostovtsev D.M. et al. Evaluation of the influence of fluorescence surgery in patients with glioblastoma on long-term treatment results. Rossiyskiy zhurnal personalizirovannoy meditsyny = Russian Journal for Personalized Medicine 2025;5(5):397–411. (In Russ.). doi: 10.18705/2782-3806-2025-5-5-397-411
  49. Shankar G.M., Abedalthagafi M., Vaubel R.A. et al. Germline and somatic BAP1 mutations in high-grade rhabdoid meningiomas. Neuro Oncol 2017;19(4):535–45. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nox094
  50. Haugh A.M., Njauw C.N., Bubley J.A. et al. Genotypic and phenotypic features of BAP1 cancer syndrome: a report of 8 new families and review of cases in the literature. JAMA Dermatol 2017;153(10):999–1006. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.2330
  51. Рында А.Ю., Павлов О.А., Вербицкий О.П. и др. Множественная миелома с интракраниальным распространением. Вестник рентгенологии и радиологии 2023;104(1):56–61. doi: 10.20862/0042-4676-2023-104-1-56-61 Rynda A.Yu., Pavlov О.А., Verbitskiy О.P. et al. Multiple Myeloma with Intracranial Distribution. Vestnik rentgenologii i radiologii = Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine 2023;104(1):56–61. (In Russ.). doi: 10.20862/0042-4676-2023-104-1-56-61
  52. Bowers D.C., Nathan P.C., Constine L. et al. Subsequent neoplasms of the CNS among survivors of childhood cancer: a systematic review. Lancet Oncol 2013;14(8):e321–8. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70107-4
  53. Watts J., Box G., Galvin A. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of meningiomas: a pictorial review. Insights Imag 2014;5(1):113–22. doi: 10.1007/s13244-013-0302-4
  54. Rynda A., Olyushin V., Rostovtsev D., Zabrodskaya Y. Long-term survival following photodynamic therapy for malignant glioma depending on MGMT status. Ann Oncol 2020;31(Suppl. 4):S402. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.486
  55. Baskan O., Silav G., Bolukbasi F.H. et al. Relation of apparent diffusion coefficient with Ki-67 proliferation index in meningiomas. Br J Radiol 2016;89(1057):20140842. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20140842
  56. Afshar-Oromieh A., Wolf M.B., Kratochwil C. et al. Comparison of 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET/CT and PET/MRI hybrid systems in patients with cranial meningioma: initial results. Neuro Oncol 2015;17(2):312–9. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nou131
  57. Olyushin V., Rynda A., Rostovtsev D. Immunotherapy with autologous dendritic cells as part of the complex treatment of patients with malignant gliomas. Ann Oncol 2020;31(Suppl. 4):S405. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.493
  58. Bosnyák E., Kamson D.O., Guastella A.R. et al. Molecular imaging correlates of tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway in human meningiomas. Neuro Oncol 2015;17(9):1284–92. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nov098
  59. Рында А.Ю., Олюшин В.Е., Ростовцев Д.М. и др. Малоинвазивное хирургическое лечение глиобластом методом интерстициальной фотодинамической терапии. Злокачественные опухоли 2025;15(1):35–49. doi: 10.18027/2224-5057-2025-044 Rynda A.Y., Olyushin V.E., Rostovtsev D.M. et al. Minimally invasive surgical treatment of glioblastomas using interstitial photodynamic therapy. Zlokachestvennye opukholi = Malignant Tumors 2025;15(1):35–49. (In Russ.). doi: 10.18027/2224-5057-2025-044
  60. Verma A., Kumar I., Verma N. et al. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy – revisiting the biochemical and molecular milieu of brain tumors. BBA Clin 2016;5:170–8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.04.002
  61. Рында А.Ю., Ростовцев Д.М., Олюшин В.Е., Забродская Ю.М. Флюоресцентно-контролируемая резекция глиальных опухолей с «Фотодитазином». Вестник хирургии имени И.И. Грекова 2017;176(5):10–15. doi: 10.24884/0042-4625-2017-176-5-10-15 Rynda A.Yu., Rostovtsev D.M., Olyushin V.E., Zabrodskaya Yu.M. Fluorescence-guided resection of glioma using “photoditazin”. Vestnik khirurgii imeni I.I. Grekova = Grekov’s Bulletin of Surgery 2017;176(5):10–15. (In Russ.). doi: 10.24884/0042-4625-2017-176-5-10-15
  62. Rynda A., Olyushin V., Rostovtsev D. Immunotherapy in the complex treatment of HGG. Neuro Oncol 2021;23(Suppl 2):i47. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab180.164
  63. Juhász C., Dwivedi S., Kamson D.O. et al. Comparison of amino acid positron emission tomographic radiotracers for molecular imaging of primary and metastatic brain tumors. Mol Imaging 2014;13:10.2310/7290.2014.00015. doi: 10.2310/7290.2014.00015
  64. Рында А.Ю., Олюшин Д.М., Ростовцев Д.М. и др. Результаты микрохирургической резекции глиобластом под эндоскопическим и флуоресцентным контролем. Biomedical Photonics 2024;13(3):20–30. doi: 10.24931/2413-9432-2024-13-3-20-30 Rynda A.Yu., Olyushin V.E., Rostovtsev D.M. et al. Results of microsurgical resection of glioblastomas under endoscopic and fluorescent control. Biomedical Photonics 2024;13(3):20–30. (In Russ., In Engl.) doi: 10.24931/2413-9432-2024-13-3-20-30
  65. Toland A., McNulty S.N., Pekmezci M. et al. Pediatric meningioma: a clinicopathologic and molecular study with potential grading implications. Brain Pathol 2020;30(6):1134–43. doi: 10.1111/bpa.12884
  66. Domingues P., González-Tablas M., Otero Á. et al. Genetic/molecular alterations of meningiomas and the signaling pathways targeted. Oncotarget 2015;6(13):10671–88. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.3870
  67. McNulty S.N., Schwetye K., Goldstein M. et al. Analysis of point mutations and copy number variation in grade II and III meningioma. Exp Mol Pathol 2018;105(3):328–33. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.10.007
  68. Abedalthagafi M., Bi W.L., Aizer A.A. et al. Oncogenic PI3K mutations are as common as AKT1 and SMO mutations in meningioma. Neuro Oncol 2016;18(5):649–55. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nov316
  69. Zotti T., Scudiero I., Vito P., Stilo R. The emerging role of TRAF7 in tumor development. J Cell Physiol 2017;232(6):1233–8. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25676
  70. Рында А.Ю., Забродская Ю.М., Олюшин В.Е. и др. Морфологическая оценка эффективности флуоресцентной навигации с хлорином e6 в хирургии злокачественных глиом. Архив патологии 2021;83(5):13–20. doi: 10.17116/patol20218305113 Rynda A.Yu., Zabrodskaya Yu.M., Olyushin V.E. et al. Morphological evaluation of the effectiveness of fluorescence navigation with chlorin e6 in surgery for malignant gliomas. Arkhiv patologii = Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology 2021;83(5):13–20. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/patol20218305113
  71. Clark V.E., Erson-Omay E.Z., Serin A. et al. Genomic analysis of non-NF2 meningiomas reveals mutations in TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1, and SMO. Science 2013;339(6123):1077–80. doi: 10.1126/science.1233009
  72. Reuss D.E., Piro R.M., Jones D.T. et al. Secretory meningiomas are defined by combined KLF4 K409Q and TRAF7 mutations. Acta Neuropathol 2013;125(3):351–8. doi: 10.1007/s00401-013-1093-x
  73. Aizer A.A., Abedalthagafi M., Bi W.L. et al. A prognostic cytogenetic scoring system to guide the adjuvant management of patients with atypical meningioma. Neuro Oncol 2016;18(2):269–74. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nov177
  74. Рында А.Ю., Олюшин В.Е., Ростовцев Д.М. и др. Пациенты с длительной выживаемостью при злокачественных глиомах после фотодинамической терапии. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова 2024;124(6):54–61. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202412406154 Rynda A.Yu., Olyushin V.E., Rostovtsev D.M. et al. Patients with long-term survival in malignant gliomas after photodynamic therapy. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova = S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry 2024;124(6): 54–61. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/jnevro202412406154
  75. Behling F., Barrantes-Freer A., Skardelly M. et al. Frequency of BRAF V600E mutations in 969 central nervous system neoplasms. Diagn Pathol 2016;11(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s13000-016-0506-2
  76. Usubalieva A., Pierson C.R., Kavran C.A. et al. Primary meningeal pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with anaplastic features: a report of 2 cases, one with BRAF(V600E) mutation and clinical response to the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015;74(10):960–9. doi: 10.1097/NEN.0000000000000240
  77. Mirian C., Duun-Henriksen A.K., Juratli T. et al. Poor prognosis associated with TERT gene alterations in meningioma is independent of the WHO classification: an individual patient data meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020;91(4):378–87. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322257
  78. Рында А.Ю., Олюшин В.Е., Ростовцев Д.М. и др. Сравнительный анализ флуоресцентной навигации в хирургии злокачественных глиом с использованием 5-АЛА и хлорина Е6. Хирургия. Журнал им. Н.И. Пирогова 2022;(1):5–14. doi: 10.17116/hirurgia20220115 Rynda A.Yu., Olyushin V.E., Rostovtsev D.M. et al. Comparative analysis of 5-ALA and chlorin E6 fluorescence-guided navigation in malignant glioma surgery. Khirurgiya. Zhurnal im. N.I. Pirogova = Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery 2022;(1):5–14. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/hirurgia20220115
  79. Galani V., Lampri E., Varouktsi A. et al. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in meningiomas. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2017;158:119–25. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.05.002
  80. Olar A., Wani K.M., Wilson C.D. et al. Global epigenetic profiling identifies methylation subgroups associated with recurrence-free survival in meningioma. Acta Neuropathol 2017;133(3):431–44. doi: 10.1007/s00401-017-1678-x
  81. Sahm F., Schrimpf D., Stichel D. et al. DNA methylation-based classification and grading system for meningioma: a multicentre, retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol 2017;18(5):682–94. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30155-9
  82. Рында А.Ю., Олюшин В.Е., Ростовцев Д.М. и др. Применение интраоперационной фотодинамической терапии в структуре комплексного лечения злокачественных глиом. Вопросы нейрохирургии имени Н.Н. Бурденко 2023;87(1):25–34. doi: 10.17116/neiro20238701125 Rynda A.Yu., Olyushin V.E., Rostovtsev D.M. et al. Intraoperative photodynamic therapy in complex treatment of malignant gliomas. Voprosy neyrokhirurgii imeni N.N. Burdenko = Burdenko’s Journal of Neurosurgery 2023;87(1):25–34. (In Russ., In Engl.). doi: 10.17116/neiro20238701125
  83. Nassiri F., Mamatjan Y., Suppiah S. et al. DNA methylation profiling to predict recurrence risk in meningioma: development and validation of a nomogram to optimize clinical management. Neuro Oncol 2019;21(7):901–10. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noz061
  84. Lee Y.S., Lee Y.S. Molecular characteristics of meningiomas. J Pathol Transl Med 2020;54(1):45–63. doi: 10.4132/jptm.2019.11.05
  85. Gao F., Shi L., Russin J. et al. DNA methylation in the malignant transformation of meningiomas. PloS One 2013;8(1):e54114. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054114
  86. Katz L.M., Hielscher T., Liechty B. et al. Loss of histone H3K27me3 identifies a subset of meningiomas with increased risk of recurrence. Acta Neuropathol 2018;135(6):955–63. doi: 10.1007/s00401-018-1844-9
  87. Pérez-Magán E., Rodríguez de Lope A., Ribalta T. et al. Differential expression profiling analyses identifies downregulation of 1p, 6q, and 14q genes and overexpression of 6p histone cluster 1 genes as markers of recurrence in meningiomas. Neuro Oncol 2010;12(12):1278–90. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noq081
  88. Lu C., Allis C.D. SWI/SNF complex in cancer. Nat Genet 2017;49(2):178–9. doi: 10.1038/ng.3779
  89. Collord G., Tarpey P., Kurbatova N. et al. An integrated genomic analysis of anaplastic meningioma identifies prognostic molecular signatures. Sci Rep 2018;8(1):13537. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31659-0
  90. Zhi F., Zhou G., Wang S. et al. A microRNA expression signature predicts meningioma recurrence. Int J Cancer 2013;132(1):128–36. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27658
  91. Murnyák B., Bognár L., Klekner Á., Hortobágyi T. Epigenetics of meningiomas. BioMed Res Int 2015;2015:532451. doi: 10.1155/2015/532451
  92. Pereira B.J.A, Oba-Shinjo S.M., de Almeida A.N., Marie S.K.N. Molecular alterations in meningiomas: literature review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019;176:89–96. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.12.004
  93. Рында А.Ю., Олюшин В.Е., Ростовцев Д.М. и др. Использование иммунотерапии в комплексном лечении глиобластом: отдаленные результаты одноцентрового проспективного когортного исследования. Российский журнал персонализированной медицины 2025;5(2):112–27. doi: 10.18705/2782-3806-2025-5-2-112-127 Rynda A.Yu., Olyushin V.E., Rostovtsev D.M. et al. Use of immunotherapy in the complex treatment of glioblastomas: long-term results of a single-center prospective cohort study. Rossiyskiy zhurnal personalizirovannoy meditsyny = Russian Journal for Personalized Medicine 2025;5(2):112–27. (In Russ.) doi: 10.18705/2782-3806-2025-5-2-112-127
  94. Wang M., Deng X., Ying Q. et al. MicroRNA-224 targets ERG2 and contributes to malignant progressions of meningioma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015;460(2):354–61. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.038
  95. Ostrom Q.T., Gittleman H., Xu J. et al. CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2009–2013. Neuro Oncol 2016;18(suppl_5):v1–75. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/now207
  96. Sun S.Q., Hawasli A.H., Huang J. et al. An evidence-based treatment algorithm for the management of WHO grade II and III meningiomas. Neurosurg Focus 2015;38(3):E3. doi: 10.3171/2015.1.FOCUS14757
  97. Rogers C.L., Perry A., Pugh S. et al. Pathology concordance levels for meningioma classification and grading in NRG Oncology RTOG Trial 0539. Neuro Oncol 2016;18(4):565–74. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nov247
  98. Rynda A.Y., Olyushin V.E., Rostovtsev D.M. et al. Patients with long-term survival in malignant gliomas after photodynamic therapy. Neurosci Behav Physi 2024;54:1215–21. doi: 10.1007/s11055-024-01717-4
  99. Brastianos P.K., Galanis E., Butowski N. et al. Advances in multidisciplinary therapy for meningiomas. Neuro Oncol 2019;21(Suppl 1):i18–31. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noy136
  100. Magill S.T., Lau D., Raleigh D.R. et al. Surgical resection and interstitial iodine-125 brachytherapy for high-grade meningiomas: a 25-year series. Neurosurgery 2017;80(3):409–16. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000001262
  101. Kirkpatrick J.P., Soltys S.G., Lo S.S. et al. The radiosurgery fractionation quandary: single fraction or hypofractionation? Neuro Oncol 2017;19(suppl_2):ii38–49. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/now301
  102. Rynda A.Y., Olyushin V., Rostovtsev D. Immunotherapy with autologous dendritic cells in the complex treatment of malignant gliomas – results. Neurosurgery 2025;71(Suppl 1):54. doi: 10.1227/neu.0000000000003360_209
  103. Oh H.J., Cho Y.H., Kim J.H. et al. Hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery for large-sized skull base meningiomas. J Neuro Oncol 2020;149(1):87–93. doi: 10.1007/s11060-020-03575-9
  104. Sun S.Q., Cai C., Murphy R.K. et al. Radiation therapy for residual or recurrent atypical meningioma: the effects of modality, timing, and tumor pathology on long-term outcomes. Neurosurgery 2016;79(1):23–32. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000001160
  105. Rogers L., Zhang P., Vogelbaum M. et al. Low-risk meningioma: initial outcomes from NRG oncology/RTOG 0539. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Physics 2016;96(5):939–40. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.09.051
  106. Rynda A.Y., Olyushin V., Rostovtsev D. Immunotherapy with autological dendritic cells in the structure of complex treatment of gliomas. Neurosurgery 2024;70(Suppl 1):196. doi: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002809_1244
  107. Karsy M., Guan J., Cohen A. et al. Medical management of meningiomas: current status, failed treatments, and promising horizons. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2016;27(2):249–60. doi: 10.1016/j.nec.2015.11.002
  108. Chamberlain M.C. IFN-α for recurrent surgery- and radiation-refractory high-grade meningioma: a retrospective case series. CNS Oncol 2013;2(3):227–35. doi: 10.2217/cns.13.17
  109. Kaley T.J., Wen P., Schiff D. et al. Phase II trial of sunitinib for recurrent and progressive atypical and anaplastic meningioma. Neuro Oncol 2015;17(1):116–21. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nou148
  110. Rynda A.Y., Rostovthev D.M., Zabrodskaya Y.M., Olyushin V.E. Immunotherapy with autologous dendritic cells in the complex treatment of malignant gliomas – results. J Neurooncol 2024;166(2):309–19. doi: 10.1007/s11060-023-04559-1
  111. Al-Rashed M., Foshay K., Abedalthagafi M. Recent advances in meningioma immunogenetics. Front Oncol 2019;9:1472. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01472
  112. Hrachova M., Nguyen E.N.T., Fu B.D. et al. A retrospective interventional cohort study to assess the safety and efficacy of sandostatin LAR for treatment of recurrent and/or refractory meningiomas. Front Neurol 2020;11:373. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00373

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2026 ABV-Press

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77-81466 от  03.08.2021.