MD-OncoMD-OncoMD-Onco2782-32022782-6171Publishing House ABV Press15810.17650/2782-3202-2024-4-4-53-64NEW APPROACHES AND SUCCESSES IN TREATMENT OF ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS AT THE CURRENT STAGEНОВЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ И УСПЕХИ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ БОЛЬНЫХ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕMultiple myeloma and anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy: a literature reviewМножественная миелома и анти-BCMA CAR-T-терапия: обзор литературыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6158-233XFaenkoA. P.ФаенкоА. П.
Russian Federation

Alexander Pavlovich Faenko

Bld. 1, 1 Novogireevskaya, Moscow, 111123

Александр Павлович Фаенко

111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 1, корп. 1

a.faenko@mknc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9673-1067DudinaG. A.ДудинаГ. А.
Russian Federation

Bld. 1, 1 Novogireevskaya, Moscow, 111123

111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 1, корп. 1

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2789-4791MabudzadeC. K.МабудзадеЧ. К.
Russian Federation

Bld. 1, 1 Novogireevskaya, Moscow, 111123

111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 1, корп. 1

A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Research Center, Moscow Healthcare DepartmentГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А.С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»160120254453641501202515012025Copyright ©; 2025, ABV-PressCopyright ©; 2025, АБВ-пресс2025ABV-PressАБВ-прессhttps://mdonco.abvpress.ru/jour/about/editorialPolicieshttps://mdonco.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/158

Significant progress has been made in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), leading to improved clinical outcomes. However, despite the success of traditional methods such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the challenge of fully curing patients with relapsed and refractory MM remains pressing. A promising therapeutic approach is the use of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T), which has demonstrated efficacy in patients with resistant B-cell malignancies and is actively being studied for the treatment of MM. Special attention is being given to B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) as a potential target for CAR-T therapy in MM.

The objective is to analyze the current state of anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy in ММ, covering aspects of production, preclinical and clinical trials, as well as examining therapy-related toxicity and relapses.

Data analysis was conducted using specialized medical databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Frontiers, and Google Scholar from 1974 to 2024. The article reviews latest achievements in CAR-T therapy for MM, current advances in the production and application of BCMA CAR T-cells, along with key challenges faced by this technology. The data obtained confirm significant progress in optimizing CAR T-cell structures and improving manufacturing processes, making the therapy more accessible for clinical use.

Although early-phase trials of anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy show promising results, challenges remain, such as toxicity and insufficient response in some patients. Optimization of CAR structure and manufacturing technologies may improve the efficacy and accessibility of CAR T-cell therapy, making it a key direction for future research.

В настоящее время достигнут значительный прогресс в лечении множественной миеломы (ММ), что привело к улучшению клинических исходов заболевания. Однако, несмотря на успехи традиционных методов, таких как хирургия, радиотерапия и химиотерапия, проблема полного излечения пациентов с рецидивирующей и рефрактерной ММ остается актуальной. Перспективным методом терапии является использование Т-клеток с химерным антигенным рецептором (CAR-T). Метод продемонстрировал эффективность у пациентов с резистентными В-клеточными опухолями и активно исследуется для лечения ММ. Особое внимание уделяется антигену созревания В-клеток (BCMA) как перспективной мишени для CAR-T-терапии при ММ.

Цель работы – анализ современного состояния анти-BCMA CAR-T-терапии при ММ, включая аспекты производства, доклинические и клинические испытания, а также изучение связанных с терапией токсичности и рецидивов. Проведен поиск данных в специализированных медицинских базах PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Frontiers, Google Scholar за период с 1974 по 2024 г. Проанализированы современные достижения в области CAR-T-терапии ММ, производства и применения BCMA-CAR-T-клеток, а также ключевые проблемы, связанные с этой технологией. Полученные данные подтверждают значительный прогресс в оптимизации структуры CAR-T-клеток и совершенствовании производственных процессов, что делает терапию более доступной для клинического применения.

Ранние фазы исследований анти-BCMA CAR-T-терапии показывают обнадеживающие результаты, тем не менее остаются проблемы токсичности, недостаточного ответа у некоторых пациентов и др. Оптимизация структуры CAR и производственных технологий могут повысить эффективность и доступность CAR-T-клеточной терапии, что является ключевым направлением для дальнейших исследований.

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