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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">MD-Onco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">MD-Onco</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>MD-Onco</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2782-3202</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-6171</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">240</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2782-3202-2026-6-2-33-40</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEW APPROACHES AND SUCCESSES IN TREATMENT OF ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS AT THE CURRENT STAGE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НОВЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ И УСПЕХИ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ БОЛЬНЫХ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Omission of sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage breast cancer: ongoing trial at the P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Отказ от биопсии сторожевого лимфатического узла при раннем раке молочной железы: текущее исследование МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-2530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhabrailova</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джабраилова</surname><given-names>Д. Ш.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr_dzhabrailova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4257-3530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kodzoeva</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кодзоева</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr_dzhabrailova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-2502</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zikiryakhodzhaev</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зикиряходжаев</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr_dzhabrailova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-9738</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr_dzhabrailova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9510-1434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Usov</surname><given-names>F. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усов</surname><given-names>Ф. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr_dzhabrailova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0870-4857</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lisitsina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лисицина</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr_dzhabrailova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9749-0445</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khugaeva</surname><given-names>F. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хугаева</surname><given-names>Ф. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr_dzhabrailova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4873-4455</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volchenko</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волченко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr_dzhabrailova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Professional Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт профессионального образования ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinical Hospital "Lapino" of the "Mother and Child" Group of Companies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клинический госпиталь «Лапино» группы компаний «Мать и дитя»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-21"><day>21</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-08-21"><day>21</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mdonco.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/240">https://mdonco.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/240</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the standard of regional staging in early-stage breast cancer (BC). However, contemporary randomized trials (SOUND, INSEMA, NAUTILUS) demonstrate the feasibility of safe axillary surgical de-escalation in a defined subset of patients with clinically node-negative (cN0) disease. Given the low rate of axillary lymph node metastases and the limited sensitivity of SLNB, this procedure may represent overtreatment in a proportion of patients.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To evaluate the oncological safety and clinical impact of SLNB omission in patients with early-stage breast cancer and clinically intact axillary lymph nodes, and to define approaches to adjuvant therapy optimization in this cohort.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A prospective randomized non-inferiority trial is being conducted at the P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute. Patients with early-stage BC (cTis–cT2, cN0) were randomized 1:1 to SLNB or SLNB omission. In patients with cT1c–T2 disease, intraoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the sentinel lymph node was additionally performed using a fan-shaped technique. The primary endpoint is disease-free survival. Secondary endpoints include overall survival, distant metastasis-free survival, locoregional and axillary recurrence rates, and quality-of-life characteristics.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The preliminary analysis included 151 patients. In the cT1a–b cohort assigned to SLNB omission, no lymph node metastases were identified. In the SLNB control group, metastases were detected in 12.5 % of patients, with involvement limited to no more than one lymph node in all cases. In the cT1c–T2 cohort, the metastatic involvement rate was 16.5 %. Intraoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the sentinel lymph node demonstrated a sensitivity of 57.1 %, specificity of 100 %, positive predictive value of 100 %, and negative predictive value of 92.8 %. Favorable biological subtypes (luminal tumors) and low-to-intermediate histological grades predominated in the study population.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Preliminary findings suggest potential oncological safety of SLNB omission in carefully selected patients with early-stage breast cancer and cN0 status. Rigorous preoperative axillary assessment using imaging modalities is a prerequisite. Further patient recruitment and extended follow-up are required to enable definitive evaluation of long-term oncological outcomes and to refine criteria for axillary surgical de-escalation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Биопсия сторожевого лимфатического узла (БСЛУ) – стандарт регионарного стадирования при раннем раке молочной железы (РМЖ). Однако результаты современных рандомизированных исследований (SOUND, INSEMA, NAUTILUS) демонстрируют возможность безопасной деэскалации аксиллярной хирургии у определенной группы пациенток с клиническим отсутствием поражения лимфатических узлов (cN0). С учетом низкой частоты метастатического поражения аксиллярных лимфатических узлов и ограниченной чувствительности БСЛУ данная процедура может быть чрезмерной у части пациенток.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценить онкологическую безопасность и клиническое влияние отказа от выполнения БСЛУ у пациенток с ранними стадиями РМЖ и клинически интактными аксиллярными лимфатическими узлами, а также определить подходы к оптимизации адъювантной терапии в данной когорте.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведено проспективное рандомизированное non-inferiority исследование на базе МНИОИ им. П. А. Герцена. Пациентки с ранним РМЖ (cTis–cT2, cN0) рандомизированы в соотношении 1:1 в группы с БСЛУ и без нее. У пациенток с cT1c–2 стадиями дополнительно выполняли интраоперационную тонкоигольную аспирационную биопсию сторожевого лимфатического узла по веерной методике. Первичная конечная точка – безрецидивная выживаемость. Вторичные конечные точки включали общую выживаемость, выживаемость без отдаленного метастазирования, частоту локорегионарных и аксиллярных рецидивов, а также показатели качества жизни.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В предварительный анализ включена 151 пациентка. В группе cT1a–b без БСЛУ метастатического поражения лимфатических узлов не выявлено. В контрольной группе с БСЛУ метастазы обнаружены у 12,5 % пациенток, при этом во всех случаях поражение ограничивалось не более чем 1 лимфатическим узлом. В когорте cT1c–2 частота метастатического поражения составила 16,5 %. Результаты интраоперационной тонкоигольной аспирационной биопсии сторожевого лимфатического узла продемонстрировали чувствительность 57,1 %, специфичность 100 %, положительную прогностическую ценность 100 % и отрицательную прогностическую ценность 92,8 %. В исследуемой популяции преобладали благоприятные биологические подтипы опухоли (люминальные формы) и низкая/умеренная степень злокачественности.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Предварительные результаты свидетельствуют о потенциальной онкологической безопасности отказа от БСЛУ у строго отобранных пациенток с ранним РМЖ и клиническим статусом cN0. Ключевым условием является тщательная предоперационная оценка регионарных лимфатических узлов с использованием методов визуализации. Необходимы дальнейший набор пациенток и длительное наблюдение для окончательной оценки отдаленных онкологических исходов и уточнения критериев деэскалации аксиллярной хирургии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>sentinel lymph node biopsy omission</kwd><kwd>de-escalation</kwd><kwd>intraoperative fine-needle aspiration of the sentinel lymph node</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>отказ от биопсии сторожевого лимфатического узла</kwd><kwd>деэскалация</kwd><kwd>интраоперационная тонкоигольная биопсия сторожевого лимфатического узла</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Rovera F., Frattini F., Marelli M. et al. Axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy: an overview. Int J Surg 2008;6(Suppl 1):S109–12. 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